Because earthquakes occur without warning,it’s important to take steps now to prepare, so that you know what you can doand how to respond — constructive, protective action is possible.
地震發(fā)生前是沒(méi)有征兆的，因此，從現(xiàn)在就開始進(jìn)行準(zhǔn)備相當(dāng)重要。這樣一來(lái)，你才會(huì)知道災(zāi)難發(fā)生時(shí)該做什么，該如何應(yīng)對(duì)，如何進(jìn)行有意義的自我保護(hù)。
Family Earthquake Drill
家庭防震演習(xí)
It’s important to know where you should gofor protection when your house starts to shake.
當(dāng)發(fā)現(xiàn)房屋開始搖晃時(shí)，第一時(shí)間就能確知去哪兒躲避非常重要。
By planning and practicing what to dobefore an earthquake occurs, you can condition yourself and your family toreact correctly and spontaneously when the first jolt or shaking is felt.
如果在地震發(fā)生前就做好了準(zhǔn)備和演習(xí)，你和家人就能在察覺(jué)震感的第一時(shí)間及時(shí)、正確地做出反應(yīng)。
An earthquake drill can teach your familywhat to do in an earthquake.
防震演習(xí)可以讓你們?nèi)抑廊绾螒?yīng)對(duì)地震。
Each family member should know safe spotsin each room.
每個(gè)家庭成員都應(yīng)該知道各個(gè)房間的安全地點(diǎn)在哪里。
Safe spots: The best places to be are underheavy pieces of furniture, such as a desk or sturdy table; under supportedarchways; and against inside walls.
安全地點(diǎn)：最佳安全點(diǎn)是堅(jiān)固的家具下面，例如書桌或其他硬質(zhì)桌子之下；有支撐的拱廊下，緊貼內(nèi)部承重墻的地方也較安全。
Danger spots: Stay away from windows,hanging objects, mirrors, fireplaces, and tall, unsecured pieces of furniture.
危險(xiǎn)區(qū)：應(yīng)遠(yuǎn)離窗戶、懸掛物件、鏡子、壁爐以及較高的未固定家具。
Reinforce this knowledge by physicallyplacing yourself in the safe locations. This is especially important forchildren.
通過(guò)親身體驗(yàn)如何在安全地點(diǎn)安身來(lái)鞏固這些知識(shí)，這點(diǎn)對(duì)兒童尤其重要。
In the days or weeks after this exercise,hold surprise drills.
在進(jìn)行以上演練后的幾天或幾周內(nèi)，進(jìn)行緊急演練，以鞏固知識(shí)。
Be prepared to deal with what you mayexperience after an earthquake — both physically and emotionally.
做好應(yīng)付震后受災(zāi)情況的身心準(zhǔn)備。
Your family may not be together when anearthquake strikes, so use the spaces below to record information that willhelp you communicate with one another. Remember, during the first 24 hoursfollowing a major earthquake; use your telephone only in case of an emergency.
地震時(shí)您和家人可能會(huì)失散，所以，請(qǐng)?jiān)谝韵碌目瞻滋幱浵轮匾畔?，以便失散后相互?lián)系。記住，在大地震后的24小時(shí)內(nèi)，如非緊急情況，請(qǐng)不要打電話。
Fire Department telephone 119
消防電話：119
Ambulance telephone 120
急救電話：120
Police telephone 110
報(bào)警電話：110
Have on Hand for Any Emergency – Ideas forHome, Workplace, and Car
為突發(fā)狀況準(zhǔn)備趁手的應(yīng)急物品：家里、辦公地點(diǎn)、汽車上如何應(yīng)急
Because you don’t know where you will bewhen an earthquake occurs, prepare a Disaster Supplies Kit for your home,workplace, and car.
因?yàn)槟悴恢赖卣鸢l(fā)生的時(shí)候自己會(huì)在哪兒，所以，在家里、辦公地點(diǎn)以及汽車上，都準(zhǔn)備一套抗災(zāi)裝備吧。
Water
水
Store at least 1 gallon of water per personper day and be prepared for a 72-hour period.
每人每天至少需儲(chǔ)備1加侖(3.8升)的水，并按此標(biāo)準(zhǔn)一次備夠72小時(shí)之用。
A normally active person needs at least, 1/2gallon of water daily just for drinking.
一般情況下，一個(gè)活躍的正常人，光飲用，每天就需要消耗1/2加侖（1.9升）的水。
In determining adequate quantities, takethe following into account:
為了保證足夠的量，應(yīng)考慮以下因素：
Individual needs vary depending on age,physical condition, activity, diet, and climate.
個(gè)體需求量因年齡、體質(zhì)、活動(dòng)量、飲食、氣候等而有差異。
Children, nursing mothers, and ill peopleneed more water.
兒童、哺乳期婦女、病人需水量更大。
Very hot temperatures can double the amountof water needed.
高溫天氣會(huì)使需水量成倍增加。
A medical emergency might require morewater.
醫(yī)療緊急情況會(huì)需要更多的水。
It is recommended that you buy commerciallybottled water.
建議你購(gòu)買一些瓶裝水。
Keep bottled water in its originalcontainer and do not open it until you need to use it.
不要拆開瓶裝水的原包裝，在必須使用之前不要打開。
Also, pay attention to the expiration or"use by" date.
另外，要注意保質(zhì)期或者最晚飲用日期。
If you choose to prepare your own containersof water, you should buy air-tight, food-grade water storage containers fromsurplus or camping supply stores.
如果你準(zhǔn)備用自己的容器裝水，你應(yīng)該從軍用品或者野營(yíng)用品專門店購(gòu)買那種不漏氣的、專門儲(chǔ)存食品的盛水容器。
Before filling the containers, clean themwith dish washing soap and water, and rinse them completely so that there is noresidual soap.
在裝水之前，要用餐具專用洗滌劑和水清洗容器，并用水沖凈，以免洗滌劑殘留。
Water stored in your own containers shouldbe replaced about every 6 months.
容器內(nèi)的水必須每6個(gè)月更換一次。
In addition to water, have purificationtablets such as Halazone and Globaline, but be sure to read the label on thebottle before using the tablets.
除了水之外，還需要一些凈化用的藥片，比如哈拉宗（Halazone）、高碘甘氨酸（Globaline），但在使用這些藥片之前，一定要先看看瓶子上的標(biāo)簽。（譯者：請(qǐng)向?qū)I(yè)人士或醫(yī)護(hù)人員咨詢上述藥品的使用?。?
Food
食物
It’s always a practical idea to keep asupply of non-perishable food on hand that can be rotated into your diet andreplenished on a regular basis. Have a sufficient supply of canned ordehydrated food, powdered milk, and canned juices for at least 72 hours. Driedcereals and fruits and non-salted nuts are good sources of nutrition. Keep thefollowing points in mind:
作為一個(gè)很實(shí)用的主意，應(yīng)經(jīng)常準(zhǔn)備一些不易腐壞的食品以便隨時(shí)食用。并可將其加入日常的飲食之中，并定期補(bǔ)充儲(chǔ)備。準(zhǔn)備足夠72小時(shí)之用的聽裝食品或脫水食品、奶粉，以及聽裝果汁。干麥片、水果和無(wú)鹽干果是很好的營(yíng)養(yǎng)源。請(qǐng)注意以下幾點(diǎn)：
Avoid foods that will make you thirsty.
不要選擇那些讓你容易口渴的食品。
Choose salt-free crackers, whole graincereals, and canned goods with high liquid content.
選擇無(wú)鹽餅干、全麥麥片和富含流質(zhì)的罐裝食品。
Stock foods that do not requirerefrigeration, cooking, water, or special preparation.
儲(chǔ)備無(wú)需冷藏、烹飪、水或特殊處理的食品。
You may already have many of these on hand.
類似食品可供選擇的有很多。
Remember to include foods for infants andspecial dietary needs.
別忘了食品中應(yīng)包括嬰兒和特殊飲食需要者的食品。
You should also have kitchen accessoriesand cooking utensils, especially a manual can opener.
你還應(yīng)該準(zhǔn)備一些廚房用具和炊具，尤其是手動(dòng)開罐器。
Flashlights and spare batteries
應(yīng)急燈和備用電池
Keep a flashlight beside your bed, at yourplace of work, and in your car.
在你的床邊、工作地點(diǎn)以及車?yán)锓乓槐K應(yīng)急燈。
Do not use matches or candles after anearthquake until you are certain that no gas leaks exist.
不要在地震后使用火柴或蠟燭, 除非你能確定沒(méi)有瓦斯泄漏。
Portable, battery-powered radio ortelevision and spare batteries
便攜式電池供電收音機(jī)或電視機(jī)以及備用電池
Most telephones will be out of order or usedfor emergency purposes, so radios will be your best source of information.
大多數(shù)電話將會(huì)無(wú)法使用或只能供緊急用途，所以收音機(jī)將會(huì)是你最好的信息來(lái)源。
You may also want to have a battery-poweredCB or other two-way radio.
如有可能，你還應(yīng)當(dāng)準(zhǔn)備電池供電的收發(fā)報(bào)機(jī)和無(wú)線對(duì)講機(jī)。
First aid kit and manual
急救箱和急救手冊(cè)
Keep a first aid kit at home and in yourcar.
在家里和車?yán)餃?zhǔn)備一個(gè)急救箱。
Also, have a manual such as Standard FirstAid & Personal Safety.
同時(shí)，備一本《標(biāo)準(zhǔn)急救和個(gè)人安全手冊(cè)》。
Have members of your household take basicfirst aid and CPR courses.
讓你的家人學(xué)習(xí)一些基本的急救和人工呼吸課程。
Fire extinguishers
滅火器
Keep a fire extinguisher at home and inyour car.
在你的家里和車?yán)锒家鋫錅缁鹌鳌?
Some extinguishers are good only forcertain types of fires — electrical, grease, or gas.
一些滅火器僅適用于特定的火源——電引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，油脂引發(fā)的火災(zāi)，或者煤氣引發(fā)的火災(zāi)等等。
Class ABC extinguishers are designed forsafe use on any type of fire.
ABC（多用途干粉）滅火器可安全使用于任何種類的火源。
Your fire department can show you how touse an extinguisher properly.
當(dāng)?shù)叵啦块T可以教你如何正確地使用滅火器。
Special needs
特殊用品
Keep a supply of special needs items, suchas medications, extra eyeglasses, contact lens solutions, hearing aidbatteries, items for infants (formula, diapers, bottles, and pacifiers),sanitation and hygiene items (moist towelettes and toilet paper), and any itemsunique to your family’s needs.
準(zhǔn)備必要的特殊用品，比如藥品，備用眼鏡，隱形眼鏡護(hù)理液，助聽器電池，嬰兒物品（嬰兒食品、尿布、奶瓶和奶嘴），衛(wèi)生用品（小濕巾和手紙）等家所須的任何物品。
Important papers and cash
重要的文件和現(xiàn)金
Be sure to have a supply of cash for use ifATMs, banks, and credit card systems are not operating.
確保在自動(dòng)取款機(jī)、銀行和信用卡系統(tǒng)癱瘓時(shí)，有足夠的現(xiàn)金可用。
Also, keep copies of credit andidentification cards and important documents, such as insurance policies andfinancial records.
同時(shí)，保留一些信用證明、身份證和一些重要文件的復(fù)印件，比如保險(xiǎn)單和財(cái)務(wù)記錄。
Tools
工具
In addition to a pipe wrench and crescentwrench (for turning off gas and water valves), you should have a lighter, asupply of matches in a waterproof container, and a whistle for signaling rescueworkers.
除了準(zhǔn)備一個(gè)管鉗和一個(gè)可調(diào)扳手（用來(lái)關(guān)閉氣閥和水管），你要有一個(gè)打火機(jī)，一盒裝在防水盒子里的火柴和一個(gè)用來(lái)呼叫援救人員的哨子。
Clothes
衣服
If you live in a cold climate, you mustthink about warmth.
如果你所處的地區(qū)天氣寒冷，必須考慮到保暖。
You might not have heat after anearthquake.
地震過(guò)后你可能無(wú)法取暖。
Think about your clothing and beddingsupplies.
要考慮到你的衣服和睡覺(jué)用品。
Be sure to have one complete change ofclothing and shoes per person, including the following:
確保每個(gè)人有一整套換洗的衣服和鞋子，這包括：
Jacket or coat Long pants
茄克衫或外衣長(zhǎng)褲
Long sleeve shirt
長(zhǎng)袖衫
Sturdy shoes
結(jié)實(shí)的鞋子
Hat, mittens or gloves, and scarf
帽子，手套和圍巾
Sleeping bag or warm blanket (per person)
睡袋或暖毯（每人一件）
How to Ride Out the Earthquake
如何安全渡過(guò)地震
Limit your movements during an earthquaketo a few steps to a nearby safe place. Stay indoors until the shaking hasstopped and you are sure it is safe to leave.
當(dāng)?shù)卣疬€在持續(xù)時(shí)，將你的活動(dòng)范圍限制在周圍某個(gè)安全地點(diǎn)幾步以內(nèi)；在晃動(dòng)停止、確認(rèn)安全后再離開室內(nèi)。
If you are indoors:
如果地震時(shí)你在室內(nèi)：
Drop, Cover, and Hold — Take cover under asturdy desk, table, or bench, or against an inside wall, and hold on. If thereis no desk or table near you, cover your face and head with your arms andcrouch in an inside corner of the building.
蹲下，尋找掩護(hù)，抓牢——利用寫字臺(tái)、桌子或者長(zhǎng)凳下的空間，或者身子緊貼內(nèi)部承重墻作為掩護(hù)，然后雙手抓牢固定物體。如果附近沒(méi)有寫字臺(tái)或桌子，用雙臂護(hù)住頭部、臉部，蹲伏在房間的角落。
Stay away from glass, windows, outsidedoors and walls, and anything that could fall, such as lighting fixtures andfurniture.
遠(yuǎn)離玻璃制品、建筑物外墻、門窗、以及其他可能墜落的物體，例如燈具和家具。
If you are in bed when the earthquakestrikes, stay there. Hold on and protect your head with a pillow, unless youare under a heavy light fixture that could fall. In that case, move to the nearestsafe place.
如果地震發(fā)生時(shí)你在床上，請(qǐng)待在那里不要?jiǎng)?。抓緊枕頭保護(hù)住你的頭部。如果你上方有可能墜落的重型燈具，請(qǐng)轉(zhuǎn)移至最近的安全地帶。
Stay inside until the shaking stops and itis safe to go outside. Most injuries during earthquakes occur when people arehit by falling objects while entering or leaving buildings.
在晃動(dòng)停止并確認(rèn)戶外安全后，方可離開房間。地震中的大多數(shù)傷亡，是在人們進(jìn)出建筑物時(shí)被墜物擊中造成的。
Be aware that electricity may go out orthat sprinkler systems or fire alarms may turn on.
要意識(shí)到可能會(huì)斷電，火警以及自動(dòng)噴淋裝置可能會(huì)啟動(dòng)。
Do not use elevators.
切勿使用電梯逃生。
If you are outdoors:
如果地震時(shí)你在室外：
Stay there.
待在原地不要?jiǎng)印?
Move away from buildings, trees,streetlights, and utility wires.
遠(yuǎn)離建筑區(qū)、大樹、街燈和電線電纜。
If you are in a moving car:
如果地震時(shí)你在開動(dòng)的汽車上:
Stop as quickly as safety permits, pull tothe side of the road, and stay in the car.
在確保安全的情況下，盡快靠邊停車，留在車內(nèi)。
Avoid stopping near or under buildings,trees, overpasses, and utility wires.
不要把車停在建筑物下、大樹旁、立交橋或者電線電纜下。
Do not attempt to drive across bridges oroverpasses that have been damaged.
不要試圖穿越已經(jīng)損壞的橋梁。
Proceed cautiously after the earthquake hasstopped, watching for road and bridge damage.
地震停止后小心前進(jìn)，注意道路和橋梁的損壞情況。
If you are trapped under debris:
如果你被困在廢墟下：
Do not light a match.
不要點(diǎn)火柴。
Do not move about or kick up dust.
不要向周圍移動(dòng)，避免揚(yáng)起灰塵。
Cover your mouth with a handkerchief orclothing.
用手帕或布遮住口部。
Tap on a pipe or wall so that rescuers canfind you. Use a whistle if one is available. Shout only as a last resort —shouting can cause you to inhale dangerous amounts of dust.
敲擊管道或墻壁以便讓救援人員發(fā)現(xiàn)你?？赡艿脑?，請(qǐng)使用哨子。在其他方式不奏效的情況下再選擇呼喊——因?yàn)楹敖锌赡苁谷宋氪罅坑泻覊m。
